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In laboratory environments, substances often need to be free of moisture, samples must be kept dry, or stored under constant humidity conditions. Desiccants for gases, liquids, or solids – as …

Since the second phase of the Industrial Revolution in the 1870s, a modern world without rubber has been almost inconceivable. The material is encountered wherever something must be sealed to …

In terms of cost efficiency, calendering technology remains indispensable not only in the production of fabrics, textiles, and paper and in achieving specific surface finishes. It also demonstrates clear advantages …

In the past, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances were grouped under various terms such as per- and polyfluorinated chemicals, perfluorinated organic compounds, or highly fluorinated substances. In polyfluorinated alkyl substances, hydrogen …

Sum parameters play an important role in the analysis of water samples from drinking water, surface water, groundwater, and wastewater, as well as sewage sludge. When determining sum parameters, a …

Flow sensors are ubiquitous in process chemistry operations. But what operating principles are these volumetric flow measurement devices based on, what designs are available, and where are they used? This …

The term “tolerance” originates from the Latin word “tolerare”, meaning to endure, withstand, or bear. In everyday language, it often describes the acceptance of different beliefs, religions, cultures, worldviews, or …

The share of plastics used in the medical sector accounts for only around 2 percent of the total volume of plastics produced worldwide. Despite this comparatively low proportion of overall …

Physical processes and chemical reactions often exhibit a significant dependence on temperature. Electrical resistance, as described by Ohm’s law, increases with rising temperature in metallic conductors, whereas it decreases with …

In the chemical laboratory, many standards must be observed, including those for standard ground joints on laboratory apparatus or glass containers. Standard ground joints ensure that glassware and vessels, such …