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Sum parameters play an important role in the analysis of water samples from drinking water, surface water, groundwater, and wastewater, as well as sewage sludge. When determining sum parameters, a …

Flow sensors are ubiquitous in process chemistry operations. But what operating principles are these volumetric flow measurement devices based on, what designs are available, and where are they used? This …

The term “tolerance” originates from the Latin word “tolerare”, meaning to endure, withstand, or bear. In everyday language, it often describes the acceptance of different beliefs, religions, cultures, worldviews, or …

Laboratory water baths are indispensable for temperature control – in medical, biochemical and chemical work as much as in industry. Like other laboratory instruments, they must meet high standards of …

The share of plastics used in the medical sector accounts for only around 2 percent of the total volume of plastics produced worldwide. Despite this comparatively low proportion of overall …

Physical processes and chemical reactions often exhibit a significant dependence on temperature. Electrical resistance, as described by Ohm’s law, increases with rising temperature in metallic conductors, whereas it decreases with …

In the chemical laboratory, many standards must be observed, including those for standard ground joints on laboratory apparatus or glass containers. Standard ground joints ensure that glassware and vessels, such …

The convergence of several events led to a plastic shortage and a sharp increase in prices. This affected not only plastics, but also other raw materials such as metals, wood …

Where the history of chromatography begins remains uncertain. Nature itself performs the process: a chemical mixture separates into its individual components as it passes through an environment made of different …

Without silicon, our modern daily life would look entirely different. It is found in every microchip but also in baking moulds, lubricants, cosmetics, and plastics: the element silicon. Silicon – …