{"id":16292,"date":"2023-12-04T04:35:09","date_gmt":"2023-12-04T03:35:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/?p=16292"},"modified":"2026-04-01T08:22:19","modified_gmt":"2026-04-01T06:22:19","slug":"liquid-nitrogen-applications-and-safety-guidelines","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/en\/liquid-nitrogen-applications-and-safety-guidelines\/","title":{"rendered":"Liquid Nitrogen: Applications and Safety Guidelines"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 ez-toc-wrap-center counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/en\/liquid-nitrogen-applications-and-safety-guidelines\/#What_is_liquid_nitrogen\" title=\"What is liquid nitrogen?\">What is liquid nitrogen?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/en\/liquid-nitrogen-applications-and-safety-guidelines\/#Production_of_the_liquefied_gas\" title=\"Production of the liquefied gas\">Production of the liquefied gas<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/en\/liquid-nitrogen-applications-and-safety-guidelines\/#What_must_be_considered_when_working_with_liquid_nitrogen\" title=\"What must be considered when working with liquid nitrogen?\">What must be considered when working with liquid nitrogen?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/en\/liquid-nitrogen-applications-and-safety-guidelines\/#Which_nitrogen_containers_are_suitable_for_which_purpose\" title=\"Which nitrogen containers are suitable for which purpose?\">Which nitrogen containers are suitable for which purpose?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/en\/liquid-nitrogen-applications-and-safety-guidelines\/#Nitrogen_Storage_Tanks\" title=\"Nitrogen Storage Tanks\">Nitrogen Storage Tanks<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/en\/liquid-nitrogen-applications-and-safety-guidelines\/#Cryogenic_Containers\" title=\"Cryogenic Containers\">Cryogenic Containers<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/en\/liquid-nitrogen-applications-and-safety-guidelines\/#Dewar_Vessels\" title=\"Dewar Vessels\">Dewar Vessels<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/en\/liquid-nitrogen-applications-and-safety-guidelines\/#Applications_of_liquid_nitrogen\" title=\"Applications of liquid nitrogen\">Applications of liquid nitrogen<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/en\/liquid-nitrogen-applications-and-safety-guidelines\/#Nitrogen_in_medical_technology\" title=\"Nitrogen in medical technology\">Nitrogen in medical technology<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/en\/liquid-nitrogen-applications-and-safety-guidelines\/#Soil_stabilization_in_civil_engineering\" title=\"Soil stabilization in civil engineering\">Soil stabilization in civil engineering<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/en\/liquid-nitrogen-applications-and-safety-guidelines\/#Precision-fit_components_in_mechanical_engineering\" title=\"Precision-fit components in mechanical engineering\">Precision-fit components in mechanical engineering<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/en\/liquid-nitrogen-applications-and-safety-guidelines\/#Cryogenic_freezing_of_food\" title=\"Cryogenic freezing of food\">Cryogenic freezing of food<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/en\/liquid-nitrogen-applications-and-safety-guidelines\/#High-temperature_superconductors\" title=\"High-temperature superconductors\">High-temperature superconductors<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/en\/liquid-nitrogen-applications-and-safety-guidelines\/#Other_applications\" title=\"Other applications\">Other applications<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Nitrogen makes up approximately 78% of the atmosphere. Liquid nitrogen is less commonly encountered in everyday life, yet it is a proven coolant with many advantages. It is relatively inexpensive, reacts only minimally with other substances, and produces no waste products. These properties make it particularly suitable for applications in the chemical industry, the food industry, and medical technology. Read our safety guidelines for handling liquid nitrogen.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_liquid_nitrogen\"><\/span>What is liquid nitrogen?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><div class=\"box info  \"><div class=\"box-inner-block\"><i class=\"fa tie-shortcode-boxicon\"><\/i>\n\t\t\tLiquid nitrogen is a colorless, tasteless, and odorless liquid with a density of 0.806 g\/cm<sup>3<\/sup>. At a standard atmospheric pressure of 1.013 bar, its boiling point is -196 \u00b0C (-321 \u00b0F). For comparison, liquid oxygen boils at -183 \u00b0C (-297 \u00b0F).\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Liquid nitrogen is commonly abbreviated as LN or LN<sub>2<\/sub>. Cryogenic liquid nitrogen extracts heat from the material being cooled and evaporates. Under transport regulations, the substance is classified as dangerous goods.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Production_of_the_liquefied_gas\"><\/span>Production of the liquefied gas<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">To produce liquid nitrogen, air is compressed to 200 bar and the resulting heat is removed. When the pressurized gas is rapidly expanded, its temperature decreases. This phenomenon is known as the Joule\u2013Thomson effect, named after its discoverers James Prescott Joule (1818-1889) and William Thomson (1824-1907). Repeating cycles of compression and expansion in the so-called Linde process result in liquid air. Through subsequent fractional distillation, liquid nitrogen as well as liquid oxygen and liquid argon can be obtained.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_9293\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9293\" style=\"width: 447px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9293 size-full\" title=\"Joule\u2013Thomson Effect: Together with William Thomson (Lord Kelvin), Joule discovered that real gases, such as nitrogen, cool down when expanded from a higher pressure to a lower pressure.\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/james-prescott-joule.jpg\" alt=\"The British physicist James Prescott Joule (1818 - 1889), discovered that real gases, such as nitrogen, cool down when expanded from a higher pressure to a lower pressure\" width=\"447\" height=\"469\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/james-prescott-joule.jpg 447w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/james-prescott-joule-286x300.jpg 286w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 447px) 100vw, 447px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-9293\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><center>The British physicist James Prescott Joule (1818 &#8211; 1889)<\/center><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_must_be_considered_when_working_with_liquid_nitrogen\"><\/span>What must be considered when working with liquid nitrogen?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">During evaporating, the liquefied gas expands significantly. Its volume increases by a factor of about 700 during the phase change. Therefore, when handling and storing liquid nitrogen, pressure equalization with the surrounding atmosphere must be ensured at all times.<\/p>\n<div class=\"box error  \"><div class=\"box-inner-block\"><i class=\"fa tie-shortcode-boxicon\"><\/i>\n\t\t\tIf 1 liter of liquid nitrogen evaporates, it expands to approximately 700 liters. It mixes with air, reducing the oxygen concentration. In enclosed spaces, this can lead to oxygen deficiency.\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Since the boiling point of nitrogen is lower than that of oxygen, oxygen from the air can condense on LN<sub>2<\/sub> lines and drip into open containers filled with cryogenic liquid nitrogen. Oxygen concentrations above 5% can already trigger an explosion upon contact with oxidizable substances.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Improper handling of liquid nitrogen can cause frostbite due to its extremely low boiling point. Suitable protective equipment should therefore be worn when working with this coolant, including gloves, an apron, and face protection. Only trained personnel should carry out such work.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Which_nitrogen_containers_are_suitable_for_which_purpose\"><\/span>Which nitrogen containers are suitable for which purpose?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Deeply cryogenic liquefied nitrogen is transported and stored in nitrogen tanks, cryogenic containers, or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/laboratory-equipment\/laboratory-containers\/cases-trays-bowls-pails-and-dewar-vessels\">Dewar vessels<\/a>. Requirements for nitrogen containers are defined in various standards and regulations, depending on whether they are stationary or mobile and on their volume. They must comply with the Pressure Equipment Directive (PED) and, if intended for transport, also with the Transportable Pressure Equipment Directive (TPED).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/laboratory-equipment\/laboratory-containers\/cases-trays-bowls-pails-and-dewar-vessels\/29893\/dewar-vessel-made-of-xlpe-plastic\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-9299 size-medium\" title=\"Dewar vessel made of XLPE plastic: Deeply cryogenic liquefied nitrogen is transported and stored in nitrogen tanks\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/dewargefaess-aus-xlpe-plastic-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Dewar vessel made of XLPE plastic, Deeply cryogenic liquefied nitrogen is transported and stored in nitrogen tanks\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/dewargefaess-aus-xlpe-plastic-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/dewargefaess-aus-xlpe-plastic-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/dewargefaess-aus-xlpe-plastic.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/laboratory-equipment\/laboratory-containers\/test-tubes-centrifuge-tubes-and-cuvettes\/29858\/cryogenic-vial-made-of-pp\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-9300 size-medium\" title=\"Cryogenic tubes made of PP\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/kryogenroehrchen-aus-pp-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Cryogenic tubes made of PP\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/kryogenroehrchen-aus-pp-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/kryogenroehrchen-aus-pp-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/kryogenroehrchen-aus-pp.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nitrogen_Storage_Tanks\"><\/span>Nitrogen Storage Tanks<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nitrogen storage tanks are typically stationary, cylindrical, vacuum-insulated, double-walled pressure vessels. The inner cylinder is made of low-temperature-resistant steel specifically developed for cryogenic applications. The outer cylinder consists of carbon steel coated for corrosion protection.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nitrogen storage tanks are available in sizes ranging from 3,000 to 80,000 liters. A 3,000-liter tank typically has a height between 3.5 and 6 meters and a diameter between 1.5 and 2 meters. An 80,000-liter tank reaches heights of 10.5 to 12 meters and diameters of 3 to 3.5 meters. If required, liquefied nitrogen is delivered by specialized tanker trucks and pumped into the storage tank.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The storage tank usually features multiple withdrawal points, allowing nitrogen to be extracted either as a liquid or as a gas. Hose systems are essential for further transport. Combined with pressure hoses or liquefied gas hoses, nitrogen can be conveyed in either phase to the point of use. For this purpose, plastic hoses and corrugated PFA tubing with a temperature resistance of -260 to +260 \u00b0C (-436 to +500 \u00b0F) are particularly suitable. Stainless steel corrugated hoses are also appropriate and are available pre-assembled with fittings in various nominal diameters and lengths.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/tubes-hoses\/tubings-and-pipes-made-of-rigid-plastics\/pfa-tubing\/28757\/pfa-chemical-tubing\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-9301 size-medium\" title=\"PFA chemical hose\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/pfa-chemieschlauch-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"PFA chemical hose\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/pfa-chemieschlauch-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/pfa-chemieschlauch-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/pfa-chemieschlauch.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/tubes-hoses\/tubing-pipes-and-capillarys-made-of-metal\/stainless-steel-tubing\/28803\/stainless-steel-vacuum-tubing-with-small-flange\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-9302 size-medium\" title=\"Stainless steel vacuum hose with small flange\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/edelstahl-vakuumschlauch-mit-kleinflansch-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Stainless steel vacuum hose with small flange\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/edelstahl-vakuumschlauch-mit-kleinflansch-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/edelstahl-vakuumschlauch-mit-kleinflansch-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/edelstahl-vakuumschlauch-mit-kleinflansch.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cryogenic_Containers\"><\/span>Cryogenic Containers<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cryogenic containers are double-walled vessels made of stainless steel or aluminum with evacuated interspaces. Their volumes range from 100 to 1,000 liters. They can be stationary or mobile. Mobile cryogenic containers are typically equipped with a protective transport frame, castors, pressure and level indicators, and an integrated safety device at the container neck. Cryogenic vessels are also available in the form of small <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/laboratory-equipment\/laboratory-containers\/test-tubes-centrifuge-tubes-and-cuvettes\/29858\/cryogenic-vial-made-of-pp\">tubes<\/a>. These small <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/laboratory-equipment\/laboratory-containers\">laboratory containers<\/a> made of PP can store liquefied gases and biological liquids at temperatures down to -196 \u00b0C (-321 \u00b0F) and can be kept in special racks.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dewar_Vessels\"><\/span>Dewar Vessels<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dewar vessels are double-walled, evacuated containers with reflective inner surfaces made of glass or stainless steel. For safety and occupational protection, they are equipped with an outer protective casing made of stainless steel, aluminum, or sheet metal. The evacuated walls reduce heat transfer by convection, while the mirrored surfaces minimize heat transfer by radiation.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dewar vessels are used as nitrogen containers in laboratories. They are available in sizes ranging from 0.5 to 10 liters and in designs with handles or carrying frames, with or without lids, and with narrow or wide neck openings. Containers with narrow openings are better suited for transferring nitrogen, while those with wide openings are preferred for immersing objects.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_9295\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9295\" style=\"width: 450px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9295 size-full\" title=\"A supply tank with liquid nitrogen\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fluessigstickstoff-im-tank.jpg\" alt=\"A supply tank with liquid nitrogen\" width=\"450\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fluessigstickstoff-im-tank.jpg 450w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fluessigstickstoff-im-tank-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-9295\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><center>A supply tank with liquid nitrogen<\/center><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Applications_of_liquid_nitrogen\"><\/span>Applications of liquid nitrogen<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nitrogen_in_medical_technology\"><\/span>Nitrogen in medical technology<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In medicine, liquid nitrogen is used to store and transport blood, egg cells, sperm, cells, and vaccines. In dermatology, it is used to freeze warts and treat skin lesions. Alongside liquid helium, liquid nitrogen is also used to cool magnets in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Soil_stabilization_in_civil_engineering\"><\/span>Soil stabilization in civil engineering<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In civil engineering, liquid nitrogen is used to freeze soil. By introducing the coolant, the water in the ground freezes, stabilizing the soil and making it impermeable to water. This increases the stability of excavation pits and protects them from water ingress.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Precision-fit_components_in_mechanical_engineering\"><\/span>Precision-fit components in mechanical engineering<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In its cryogenic state, the substance is a proven coolant for shrink fitting and cold expansion processes. In these methods, two metal components, such as a shaft and a ring, are joined together. The inner component is cooled, causing it to contract by a few micrometers, after which the outer component is fitted over it. Upon reheating, the cooled part expands again, creating a tight interference fit between the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/drive-elements\">drive components<\/a>. Shrink fitting is used in mechanical engineering as well as in the automotive, aerospace, and aviation industries.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/drive-elements\/splined-shafts-and-splined-hubs\/30966\/splined-shaft-made-of-steel-or-stainless-steel-similar-to-din14\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-9304 size-medium\" title=\"Spline shaft made of steel or stainless steel \u2013 similar to DIN 14\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/keilwelle-aus-stahl-oder-edelstahl-aehnlich-din-14-1-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Spline shaft made of steel or stainless steel \u2013 similar to DIN 14\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/keilwelle-aus-stahl-oder-edelstahl-aehnlich-din-14-1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/keilwelle-aus-stahl-oder-edelstahl-aehnlich-din-14-1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/keilwelle-aus-stahl-oder-edelstahl-aehnlich-din-14-1.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/drive-elements\/splined-shafts-and-splined-hubs\/30967\/splined-hub-din14\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-9305 size-medium\" title=\"Spline hub \u2013 DIN 14\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/keilnabe-din-14-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Spline hub \u2013 DIN 14\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/keilnabe-din-14-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/keilnabe-din-14-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/keilnabe-din-14.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cryogenic_freezing_of_food\"><\/span>Cryogenic freezing of food<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cryogenic freezing with liquid nitrogen is an established method for freezing fruit, vegetables, or cakes. Rapid cooling forms very small ice crystals, preserving flavor, nutritional value, and color. In contrast, slow freezing produces large ice crystals that damage the cell structure of fruits and vegetables.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Liquid nitrogen has also found its way into &#8220;modern cuisine.&#8221; It can be used to prepare sorbets and ice cream within seconds. However, so-called &#8220;Smoke Pops&#8221; (nitrogen-infused corn snacks) have attracted media attention. When consumed, they create the so-called &#8220;Dragon Breath&#8221; effect: the nitrogen evaporates upon contact with the warm mouth, making the breath resemble that of a dragon. Germany&#8217;s Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bfr.bund.de\/\">BfR; Bundesinstitut f\u00fcr Risikobewertung<\/a>) warns that consuming such products may cause frostbite injuries to the tongue and oral mucosa, as well as potential dental damage.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"High-temperature_superconductors\"><\/span>High-temperature superconductors<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">High-temperature superconductors are cooled with this cryogenic liquid to the temperature at which superconductivity occurs. Superconductivity is used to generate strong magnetic fields, for example in MRI systems for medical diagnostics or in particle accelerators for fundamental research.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Other_applications\"><\/span>Other applications<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Liquid nitrogen is also used in the cryogenic treatment of metallic components and tools. By slowly cooling with the liquefied gas (1-2 \u00b0C\/min; approx. 2-4 \u00b0F\/min) and reheating at a similarly slow rate, the metallic microstructure changes and bound carbon is redistributed more evenly within microstructure. This improves wear resistance and reduces internal stresses. This process is used for cutting, punching, bending, embossing, and forming tools. In the cryogenic treatment of wind instruments, musicians have reported improved sound quality, better response, and more stable pitch.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_9296\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9296\" style=\"width: 450px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9296 size-full\" title=\"Cryogenic freezing with liquid nitrogen is a common method for freezing fruits and vegetables\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/kryogenes-frosten-von-obst.jpg\" alt=\"Cryogenic freezing with liquid nitrogen is a common method for freezing fruits and vegetables\" width=\"450\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/kryogenes-frosten-von-obst.jpg 450w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/kryogenes-frosten-von-obst-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-9296\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><center>Cryogenic freezing with liquid nitrogen is a common method for freezing fruits and vegetables<\/center><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Liquid nitrogen is also used in cold traps to separate condensable gases from gas mixtures. This protects <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/pumps\">pumps<\/a> from moisture or corrosive gases. In the chemical industry, cold traps are used to separate solvents from gas streams, reducing emissions into the atmosphere while allowing the solvent to be recovered and reused. In vacuum technology, cold traps are used to condense residual gases, thereby improving the vacuum in the system. Another application is the cooling of infrared sensors to increase their sensitivity.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Liquid nitrogen is a safe and widly used coolant across many industrial sectors, as well as in research and medicine \u2013 provided that safety guidelines for transport and storage are followed.<\/p>\n<pre><strong>Image sources: <\/strong>Cover image | \u00a9 Valeriia \u2013 stock.adobe.com\r\nPortrait of James Prescott Joule | \u00a9 John Collier, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\r\nLiquid nitrogen supply tank | \u00a9 malajscy \u2013 stock.adobe.com\r\nCryogenic freezing with liquid nitrogen | \u00a9 Aleksey Telesh \u2013 stock.adobe.com\r\n<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nitrogen makes up approximately 78% of the atmosphere. Liquid nitrogen is less commonly encountered in everyday life, yet it is a proven coolant with many advantages. It is relatively inexpensive, reacts only minimally with other substances, and produces no waste products. These properties make it particularly suitable for applications in the chemical industry, the food &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":13274,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[4055,4052,4053,4054],"class_list":["post-16292","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-all-articles","tag-handling-liquid-nitrogens","tag-liquid-nitrogen","tag-liquid-nitrogen-applications","tag-liquid-nitrogen-safeting-guidelines"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Liquid Nitrogen: Applications and Safety Guidelines - Reichelt Chemietechnik Magazine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"What is liquid nitrogen? Learn how it&#039;s produced, where it&#039;s used, and what makes it unique. \u2705 Properties &amp; hazards \u2705 Key applications |\u00a0RCT Magazine\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/en\/liquid-nitrogen-applications-and-safety-guidelines\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Liquid Nitrogen: Applications and Safety Guidelines - Reichelt Chemietechnik Magazine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What is liquid nitrogen? 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