{"id":16152,"date":"2024-02-09T08:42:09","date_gmt":"2024-02-09T07:42:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/?p=16152"},"modified":"2026-02-25T11:49:31","modified_gmt":"2026-02-25T10:49:31","slug":"fluorine-in-industry-everyday-life-where-the-halogen-is-used","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/en\/fluorine-in-industry-everyday-life-where-the-halogen-is-used\/","title":{"rendered":"Fluorine in Industry &#038; Everyday Life: Where the Halogen Is Used"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 ez-toc-wrap-center counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/en\/fluorine-in-industry-everyday-life-where-the-halogen-is-used\/#What_Is_Fluorine\" title=\"What Is Fluorine?\">What Is Fluorine?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/en\/fluorine-in-industry-everyday-life-where-the-halogen-is-used\/#Highly_Reactive_Molecules\" title=\"Highly Reactive Molecules\">Highly Reactive Molecules<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/en\/fluorine-in-industry-everyday-life-where-the-halogen-is-used\/#Origin_of_the_Name_%E2%80%9CFluorine%E2%80%9D\" title=\"Origin of the Name \u201cFluorine\u201d\">Origin of the Name \u201cFluorine\u201d<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/en\/fluorine-in-industry-everyday-life-where-the-halogen-is-used\/#Properties_and_Toxicity_of_Fluorine\" title=\"Properties and Toxicity of Fluorine\">Properties and Toxicity of Fluorine<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/en\/fluorine-in-industry-everyday-life-where-the-halogen-is-used\/#Occurrence_and_Production_of_Fluorine\" title=\"Occurrence and Production of Fluorine\">Occurrence and Production of Fluorine<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/en\/fluorine-in-industry-everyday-life-where-the-halogen-is-used\/#Use_of_Fluorine_as_Elemental_Fluorine_and_in_Inorganic_Fluorine_Compounds\" title=\"Use of Fluorine as Elemental Fluorine and in Inorganic Fluorine Compounds\">Use of Fluorine as Elemental Fluorine and in Inorganic Fluorine Compounds<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/en\/fluorine-in-industry-everyday-life-where-the-halogen-is-used\/#Use_of_Fluorine_in_Organic_Fluorine_Compounds\" title=\"Use of Fluorine in Organic Fluorine Compounds\">Use of Fluorine in Organic Fluorine Compounds<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/en\/fluorine-in-industry-everyday-life-where-the-halogen-is-used\/#Use_of_Fluorine_in_Fluoroplastics\" title=\"Use of Fluorine in Fluoroplastics\">Use of Fluorine in Fluoroplastics<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Whether as fluorides for dental prophylaxis, as a fluorine-containing mineral in aluminum production, as the fluoropolymer PTFE, or as a polyfluorinated plastic in pipes as well as in <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/seals-and-gaskets\"><strong>seals<\/strong><\/a><strong>, <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/tubes-hoses\"><strong>hoses<\/strong><\/a><strong> and semi-finished products: the element fluorine is a true all-rounder. It is therefore no surprise that this highly reactive halogen is used in a wide range of applications.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Is_Fluorine\"><\/span>What Is Fluorine?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Fluorine is a chemical element in Group 17 of the periodic table and thus belongs to the halogens. Halogens react with metals to form salts, which is why they are also referred to as \u201csalt formers.\u201d<\/p>\n<div class=\"box info  \"><div class=\"box-inner-block\"><i class=\"fa tie-shortcode-boxicon\"><\/i>\n\t\t\tIn nature, halogens primarily occur as singly charged anions in salts. The best-known example is NaCl (sodium chloride, common salt). The other halogens are chlorine, bromine, iodine and astatine.\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Halogens are a group of non-metals with similar properties.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Highly_Reactive_Molecules\"><\/span>Highly Reactive Molecules<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Due to their electron configuration \u2013 lacking only one valence electron to complete the outer shell \u2013 halogens are highly reactive and exhibit high electronegativity.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">All halogens occur in their elemental form as diatomic molecules (F<sub>2<\/sub>, Cl<sub>2<\/sub>, Br<sub>2<\/sub>, I<sub>2<\/sub>). However, the halogen\u2013halogen bond is relatively weak and can easily be broken, which contributes to the high reactivity of this class of molecules.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Fluorine is the most electronegative and most reactive element not only among the halogens but among all elements. In all its compounds, it exhibits the oxidation state \u22121. The difference between fluorine and fluoride lies in the oxidation number: elemental fluorine has 0, while fluoride has \u22121.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Origin_of_the_Name_%E2%80%9CFluorine%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>Origin of the Name \u201cFluorine\u201d<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The name fluorine derives from the Latin \u201cfluere\u201d (to flow) and refers to fluorspar, the mining term for the naturally occurring mineral fluorite (CaF<sub>2<\/sub>). As early as the Middle Ages, this mineral was used as a flux to lower the melting point of ores.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_9494\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9494\" style=\"width: 450px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9494 size-full\" title=\"Fluorite (fluorspar) occurs naturally in various color variations, including violet, blue, green, yellow, red and colorless\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/fluorite.jpg\" alt=\"Fluorite (fluorspar) occurs naturally in various color variations, including violet, blue, green, yellow, red and colorless\" width=\"450\" height=\"391\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/fluorite.jpg 450w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/fluorite-300x261.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-9494\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><br \/><center>Fluorite (fluorspar) occurs naturally in various color variations, including violet, blue, green, yellow, red and colorless<\/center><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Properties_and_Toxicity_of_Fluorine\"><\/span>Properties and Toxicity of Fluorine<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Elemental fluorine is a colorless to pale yellow gas that is highly corrosive and extremely toxic. Fluorine salts, known as fluorides, are also often toxic. Their toxicity depends on water solubility; insoluble fluorides are significantly less toxic.<\/p>\n<div class=\"box error  \"><div class=\"box-inner-block\"><i class=\"fa tie-shortcode-boxicon\"><\/i>\n\t\t\tParticularly noteworthy in terms of toxicity is hydrogen fluoride (HF), which is miscible with water in all proportions and reacts as an acid. The aqueous solution is known as hydrofluoric acid and can cause severe chemical burns.\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Skin exposure to hydrofluoric acid can lead to deep tissue necrosis and poorly healing ulcers, as the substance readily penetrates the skin. First aid in cases of skin contact involves rapid treatment with calcium gluconate gel. Once absorbed into the body, hydrofluoric acid significantly interferes with biochemical metabolic processes by inhibiting enzymes. Chronic damage to the skeleton, skin and lungs may result. Hydrofluoric acid also attacks silicate glass according to the following reaction:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">SiO<sub>2<\/sub> + 4 HF \u2192 SiF<sub>4<\/sub> + 2 H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">For this reason, hydrofluoric acid must not come into contact with conventional glass <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/laboratory-equipment\">laboratory equipment<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Occurrence_and_Production_of_Fluorine\"><\/span>Occurrence and Production of Fluorine<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The most common fluorine-containing minerals are fluorite (CaF<sub>2<\/sub>) and fluorapatite Ca<sub>5<\/sub>(PO<sub>4<\/sub>)<sub>3<\/sub>F, although the latter contains only a small proportion of fluorine. Fluorite is therefore primarily used to obtain fluorine and fluorine compounds. The production of fluorine from fluorite proceeds via the formation of hydrogen fluoride:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">CaF<sub>2<\/sub> + H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub> \u2192 CaSO<sub>4<\/sub> + 2HF<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hydrofluoric acid is also generated in industry as a by-product of phosphate production from fluorapatite. Hydrofluoric acid is then primarily used to produce fluorinated compounds. A smaller portion is converted electrochemically into highly reactive elemental fluorine. This enables the synthesis of compounds for which the reactivity of hydrogen fluoride alone is insufficient. Production is carried out by anodic oxidation of fluoride ions in anhydrous electrolytes:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">2HF \u2192 H<sub>2<\/sub> + F<sub>2<\/sub><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">This process, developed by the French chemist Henri Moissan (1852\u20131907) and named after him, uses a mixture of potassium fluoride and hydrogen fluoride. This significantly increases the conductivity of the melt, as pure hydrogen fluoride itself is a poor conductor.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_9510\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9510\" style=\"width: 420px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9510\" title=\"The French chemist Henri Moissan (1852\u20131907)\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/henri_moissan2.jpg\" alt=\"The French chemist Henri Moissan (1852\u20131907)\" width=\"420\" height=\"453\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/henri_moissan2.jpg 450w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/henri_moissan2-278x300.jpg 278w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-9510\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><br \/><center>The French chemist Henri Moissan (1852\u20131907)<\/center><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A historically important fluorine mineral is cryolite (Na<sub>3<\/sub>AlF<sub>6<\/sub>), which is used in aluminum production. The formerly large deposits of this mineral in Greenland have now been depleted, so the cryolite required for aluminum production is produced synthetically today.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Use_of_Fluorine_as_Elemental_Fluorine_and_in_Inorganic_Fluorine_Compounds\"><\/span>Use of Fluorine as Elemental Fluorine and in Inorganic Fluorine Compounds<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Due to its high reactivity and the associated handling challenges, elemental fluorine itself can only be used to a limited extent. It is primarily employed to produce fluorinated compounds that cannot be synthesized by other means. Of particular importance is the production of gaseous uranium hexafluoride (UF<sub>6<\/sub>), which is required for the enrichment of <sup>235<\/sup>U using gas centrifuges. This uranium isotope plays a crucial role in nuclear fission. Sulfur hexafluoride (SF<sub>6<\/sub>) is another important fluorine compound produced using elemental fluorine and is used as a gaseous electrical insulator.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Further applications include the surface fluorination of plastics in order to improve their properties for various uses. Examples include improved adhesion of paints and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/adhesives-and-lubricants\">adhesives<\/a> or reduced gasoline permeability in fuel tanks. Graphite fluoride, which is used as an electrode material and dry lubricant, is also produced using elemental fluorine.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/semi-finished-products\/adhesive-tapes-and-tapes\/adhesive-tapes-and-tapes-made-of-elastomers-or-plastics\/30100\/ptfe-sealing-tape\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-9502 size-medium\" title=\"PTFE Sealing Tape\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/dichtungsband-aus-expandiertem-ptfe-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"PTFE Sealing Tape\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/dichtungsband-aus-expandiertem-ptfe-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/dichtungsband-aus-expandiertem-ptfe-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/dichtungsband-aus-expandiertem-ptfe.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/adhesives-and-lubricants\/adhesives\/two-component-adhesives\/30377\/ptfe-adhesive-based-on-synthetic-rubber-contact-adhesive\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-9503 size-medium\" title=\"PTFE Adhesive based on Synthetic Rubber (Contact Adhesive)\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/ptfe-kleber-auf-synthetischer-kautschukbasis-kontaktkleber-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"PTFE Adhesive based on Synthetic Rubber (Contact Adhesive)\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/ptfe-kleber-auf-synthetischer-kautschukbasis-kontaktkleber-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/ptfe-kleber-auf-synthetischer-kautschukbasis-kontaktkleber-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/ptfe-kleber-auf-synthetischer-kautschukbasis-kontaktkleber.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In addition to the production of elemental fluorine as well as inorganic and organic fluorine compounds as described above, hydrofluoric acid can also be used for etching and polishing in the glass industry and for oxide etching of silicon wafers in the semiconductor industry. Dental technology also uses etching gels containing hydrogen fluoride for ceramic workpieces in order to improve the adhesion properties of ceramic surfaces to other materials. Another field of application is the pickling of metals, in which unwanted oxide layers and other contaminants are removed from the surface.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Fluorine has an important influence on the formation of bones and teeth; it is particularly important for the formation of tooth enamel. In this process, the more acid-resistant fluorapatite (Ca<sub>5<\/sub>(PO<sub>4<\/sub>)<sub>3<\/sub>F) is formed from hydroxylapatite (Ca<sub>5<\/sub>(PO<sub>4<\/sub>)<sub>3<\/sub>OH). For this reason, fluorides are added to toothpaste for caries prevention. For the same reason, the fluoridation of table salt, milk or drinking water is practiced in some countries, including the United States.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Use_of_Fluorine_in_Organic_Fluorine_Compounds\"><\/span>Use of Fluorine in Organic Fluorine Compounds<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Many organic fluorine compounds play an important role in industry, pharmaceuticals and everyday life. A prominent example is chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which were formerly used on a large scale as refrigerants in refrigerators and as propellants in spray cans. However, their use was significantly restricted under the Montreal Protocol, which entered into force in 1989. This was due to the fact that these compounds accelerate the depletion of ozone and thereby damage the ozone layer. As substitutes for refrigerants, low-molecular-weight fluorocarbons (HFCs), such as fluorinated derivatives of ethane and propane, can be used. These do not damage the ozone layer, but they have a high global warming potential that exceeds that of CO<sub>2<\/sub> by a factor of 100 to 23,000. For this reason, efforts are also underway in this area to develop and use alternative compounds.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Higher molecular weight <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/en\/pfas-ban-will-all-fluoropolymers-be-prohibited\/\">per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)<\/a>, such as perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) or perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), are used, among other things, as cleaning agents and impregnation agents. Unlike conventional surfactants, these compounds are not only water-repellent but, due to their perfluorinated carbon chain, also repel oil, grease and other dirt particles. They are therefore used, for example, to impregnate textiles and paper. PFAS are also used in many other applications, including aviation, electroplating processes, the photographic industry and even in cosmetics.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_9499\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9499\" style=\"width: 450px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9499 size-full\" title=\"Use of PFOS foam extinguishing agents in firefighting\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/pfos-schaumloeschmittel.jpg\" alt=\"Use of PFOS foam extinguishing agents in firefighting\" width=\"450\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/pfos-schaumloeschmittel.jpg 450w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/pfos-schaumloeschmittel-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-9499\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><br \/><center>Use of PFOS foam extinguishing agents in firefighting<\/center><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Due to their low degradability in the environment (\u201cforever chemicals\u201d) and their numerous health effects, PFAS are currently under critical scrutiny. They can cause cancer, impair fertility and weaken the immune system. Detectable amounts have been found in drinking water and food. These issues have led to ongoing discussions worldwide regarding restrictions and bans on PFAS.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pharmaceuticals represent a field in which the low reactivity and high stability of the carbon\u2013fluorine bond \u2013 which are responsible for the poor environmental degradation \u2013 are advantageous. In many cases, a hydrocarbon group is replaced by a corresponding fluorocarbon group. The carbon\u2013fluorine bond is similar in size to a carbon\u2013hydrogen bond, meaning that the structure of a molecule \u2013 for example, a pharmaceutical active ingredient \u2013 changes only slightly. However, unlike the carbon\u2013hydrogen bond, the carbon\u2013fluorine bond cannot be cleaved by enzymes in the human body. This can prevent the metabolic breakdown of drugs and thus their deactivation in the organism. Other properties, such as improved absorption in the body, can also be achieved in this way. In some cases, the stable carbon\u2013fluorine bond is used directly as the active principle of the drug. For example, the active site of an enzyme can be blocked by the non-reactive carbon\u2013fluorine bond, while the rest of the molecule resembles the \u201cnatural\u201d substrate processed by the enzyme and therefore binds to it.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Use_of_Fluorine_in_Fluoroplastics\"><\/span>Use of Fluorine in Fluoroplastics<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Polyfluorinated plastics are widely used both in everyday products and in industrial goods and processes. This is due to the specific material properties of this class of plastics. Owing to the stability of the carbon\u2013fluorine bond, fluoroplastics are highly resistant to chemical influences such as acids, bases and solvents. Fluoropolymers exhibit low adhesion to almost all materials and have a low coefficient of friction. In addition, fluoroplastics offer high thermal resistance and are non-flammable.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/tubes-hoses\/tubings-and-pipes-made-of-rigid-plastics\/ptfe-tubing\/28770\/ptfe-chemical-tubing-standard\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-9504 size-medium\" title=\"PTFE Chemical Tubing - standard\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/ptfe-chemieschlauch-standard-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"PTFE Chemical Tubing - standard\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/ptfe-chemieschlauch-standard-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/ptfe-chemieschlauch-standard-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/ptfe-chemieschlauch-standard.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/tubes-hoses\/tubings-and-pipes-made-of-rigid-plastics\/pfa-tubing\/28757\/pfa-chemical-tubing\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-9505 size-medium\" title=\"PFA Chemical Tubing\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/pfa-chemieschlauch-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"PFA Chemical Tubing\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/pfa-chemieschlauch-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/pfa-chemieschlauch-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/pfa-chemieschlauch.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The most important and best-known representative of the fluoropolymers is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), marketed under the trade name Teflon\u00ae, with a market share of 60 to 70 percent. This material is used in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/tubes-hoses\/tubings-and-pipes-made-of-rigid-plastics\/ptfe-tubing\">PTFE hoses<\/a>, seals, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/tube-hose-connectors\">hose connectors<\/a>, semi-finished products, pumps and valves, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/filtration\/membrane-filter-filter-membrane-round-filters-and-membranes\">filter membranes<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/tubes-hoses\/heat-shrink-hoses\">heat-shrink tubing<\/a> and many other applications.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">This plastic is produced from chloroform by partial fluorination, initially forming chlorodifluoromethane CHClF<sub>2<\/sub> and tetrafluoroethylene C<sub>2<\/sub>F<sub>4<\/sub>:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">CHCl<sub>3<\/sub> + 2 HF \u2192 CHClF<sub>2<\/sub> + 2 HCl<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">2 CHClF<sub>2<\/sub> \u2192 C<sub>2<\/sub>F<sub>4<\/sub> + 2 HCl<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tetrafluoroethylene is subsequently polymerized under pressure by a radical mechanism, yielding different molecular and particle sizes depending on the conditions:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">n C<sub>2<\/sub>F<sub>4<\/sub> \u2192 \u2013(CF<sub>2<\/sub>)<sub>2n<\/sub>\u2013<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">This fluoropolymer became widely known through its use as a non-stick coating for frying pans. Nevertheless, PTFE is used in a wide variety of applications, both in households and in industry. In technical fields, it is used as a sealing material, as an electrical insulator, or \u2013 due to its high chemical stability \u2013 as a lining material for components in chemical plant construction. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/semi-finished-products\">Semi-finished products<\/a> are manufactured from PTFE powder and granulate using special pressing and sintering technologies, for example in the form of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/semi-finished-products\/plates\/plastic-sheets\">plastic sheets<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/semi-finished-products\/foils\/ptfe-foils\">PTFE films<\/a>, rods or tapes. The medical field also uses this material due to its high chemical resistance and good physiological compatibility, for example for implants and other applications.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/semi-finished-products\/foils\/ptfe-foils\/31270\/ptfe-film-virgin\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-9506 size-medium\" title=\"PTFE Film (virgin)\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/ptfe-folie-virginal-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"PTFE Film (virgin)\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/ptfe-folie-virginal-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/ptfe-folie-virginal-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/ptfe-folie-virginal.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/tube-hose-connectors\/connectors-made-of-plastic\/screw-joints-for-rigid-tubes-and-pipes\/31326\/straight-pipe-connector-with-male-thread-made-of-pa-or-pvdf\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-9507 size-medium\" title=\"Straight Pipe Connector with Male Thread made of PA or PVDF\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/rohrverbinder-aus-pa-oder-pvdf-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Straight Pipe Connector with Male Thread made of PA or PVDF\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/rohrverbinder-aus-pa-oder-pvdf-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/rohrverbinder-aus-pa-oder-pvdf-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/rohrverbinder-aus-pa-oder-pvdf.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In everyday life, besides non-stick frying pans, PTFE is also known from coatings applied to various other objects. Coatings are used to achieve low friction or low adhesion, for example in garden cutting tools or razor blades, to obtain dirt- or water-repellent properties, for instance in spectacle lenses or Gore-Tex-textiles, or to achieve improved resistance to environmental influences.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In addition to PTFE, other polyfluorinated plastics also have important areas of application, such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/tubes-hoses\/tubings-and-pipes-made-of-rigid-plastics\/pvdf-tubing-and-pipes\">polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)<\/a>, perfluoroalkoxy polymers (PFA, MFA) or polyvinyl fluoride (PVF). In industry, PVDF and PFA\/MFA, like PTFE, are used for lining components in chemical plant engineering such as pipes, gas scrubbers, centrifuges, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/pumps\">pumps<\/a> and reactors, as well as for chemical-resistant <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/tubes-hoses\/tubings-and-pipes-made-of-rigid-plastics\">plastic hoses<\/a>, seals, valves or films, in addition to many other applications.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A disadvantage of polyfluorinated plastics is that they are not degraded in the environment. During the production of fluoroplastics, additional PFAS are used and formed, the health effects of which have not yet been fully clarified.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_9500\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9500\" style=\"width: 450px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9500 size-full\" title=\"PTFE-coated frying pans can be found in almost every household\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/beschichtete-bratpfanne.jpg\" alt=\"PTFE-coated frying pans can be found in almost every household\" width=\"450\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/beschichtete-bratpfanne.jpg 450w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/beschichtete-bratpfanne-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-9500\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><br \/><center>PTFE-coated frying pans can be found in almost every household<\/center><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">During the disposal of these plastics by incineration, potentially harmful fluorine compounds may be released into the environment if not properly treated under controlled industrial conditions. Excessive overheating of PTFE-coated household items, such as frying pans, can also generate harmful compounds at high temperatures. Scratching the surface, however, is considered unproblematic, as the particles pass through the body unchanged.<\/p>\n<pre><strong>Image Sources:<\/strong>\r\nHeader image | \u00a9 Peter Hermes Furian \u2013 stock.adobe.com\r\nFluorite (fluorspar) | \u00a9 Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com \u2013 CC-BY-SA-3.0, CC BY-SA 3.0 &lt;https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0&gt;, via Wikimedia Commons\r\nChemist Henri Moissan | \u00a9 sv:Generalstabens litografiska anstalt, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons \r\nUse of PFOS foam extinguishing agents in firefighting | \u00a9 Peter Togel \u2013 stock.adobe.com\r\nPTFE-coated frying pan | \u00a9 Photosaint \u2013 stock.adobe.com\r\n<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Whether as fluorides for dental prophylaxis, as a fluorine-containing mineral in aluminum production, as the fluoropolymer PTFE, or as a polyfluorinated plastic in pipes as well as in seals, hoses and semi-finished products: the element fluorine is a true all-rounder. It is therefore no surprise that this highly reactive halogen is used in a wide &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":13344,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,2748],"tags":[4005,3932,2775,2906],"class_list":["post-16152","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-all-articles","category-materials-in-chemistry","tag-fluorine","tag-pfas-en","tag-ptfe-en","tag-pvdf-en"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Fluorine in Industry &amp; Everyday Life: Where the Halogen Is Used - Reichelt Chemietechnik Magazine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"What Is Fluorine and Where Is It Used in Industry &amp; Everyday Life? \u2705 Overview of Fluorine &amp; Halogens \u2705 Applications in Fluoroplastics, PFAS, Household Products &amp; More\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/en\/fluorine-in-industry-everyday-life-where-the-halogen-is-used\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Fluorine in Industry &amp; Everyday Life: Where the Halogen Is Used - Reichelt Chemietechnik Magazine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What Is Fluorine and Where Is It Used in Industry &amp; Everyday Life? 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Nach dem Abschluss seiner Promotion arbeitete er in der Forschung und Entwicklung eines mittelst\u00e4ndischen Unternehmens mit Fokus auf dentaltechnische Produkte. Seit 2018 ist er Forschungschemiker bei einem Chemieunternehmen in Freiburg, welches sich auf die Produktion chiraler Substanzen spezialisiert hat. Dort entwickelt er Synthese- und Trennverfahren. 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