{"id":15929,"date":"2023-11-10T10:43:37","date_gmt":"2023-11-10T09:43:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/?p=15929"},"modified":"2026-01-23T15:10:00","modified_gmt":"2026-01-23T14:10:00","slug":"determining-aox-values-measuring-water-pollution","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/en\/determining-aox-values-measuring-water-pollution\/","title":{"rendered":"Determining AOX Values \u2013 Measuring Water Pollution"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 ez-toc-wrap-center counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/en\/determining-aox-values-measuring-water-pollution\/#What_Are_AOX_Values\" title=\"What Are AOX Values?\">What Are AOX Values?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/en\/determining-aox-values-measuring-water-pollution\/#Determining_AOX_Values\" title=\"Determining AOX Values\">Determining AOX Values<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/en\/determining-aox-values-measuring-water-pollution\/#What_Are_AOX_Compounds\" title=\"What Are AOX Compounds?\">What Are AOX Compounds?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/en\/determining-aox-values-measuring-water-pollution\/#Which_Compounds_Count_as_AOX\" title=\"Which Compounds Count as AOX?\">Which Compounds Count as AOX?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/en\/determining-aox-values-measuring-water-pollution\/#Chlorine-Containing_Organic_Compounds\" title=\"Chlorine-Containing Organic Compounds\">Chlorine-Containing Organic Compounds<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/en\/determining-aox-values-measuring-water-pollution\/#Bromine-Containing_Organic_Compounds\" title=\"Bromine-Containing Organic Compounds\">Bromine-Containing Organic Compounds<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/en\/determining-aox-values-measuring-water-pollution\/#Iodine-Containing_Organic_Compounds\" title=\"Iodine-Containing Organic Compounds\">Iodine-Containing Organic Compounds<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/en\/determining-aox-values-measuring-water-pollution\/#Criticism_of_the_Significance_of_AOX_Values\" title=\"Criticism of the Significance of AOX Values\">Criticism of the Significance of AOX Values<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Sum parameters play an important role in the analysis of water samples from drinking water, surface water, groundwater, and wastewater, as well as sewage sludge. When determining sum parameters, a large number of individual substances are recorded together without listing them individually. Compared with single-substance analysis, the advantage lies in the lower analytical effort and the associated costs. Regulatory authorities use sum parameters to monitor wastewater treatment and discharge control. The chemical and petrochemical industries use them for quality control.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Are_AOX_Values\"><\/span>What Are AOX Values?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><div class=\"box info  \"><div class=\"box-inner-block\"><i class=\"fa tie-shortcode-boxicon\"><\/i>\n\t\t\tThe AOX value is a sum parameter that combines <strong>adsorbable organically bound halogen compounds<\/strong>. The X stands for any halogen, with the exception of fluorine compounds.\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Organic fluorine compounds are not captured in the determination. AOX determination was developed in the 1970s and has since become an established parameter in routine monitoring and environmental analytics.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Organo-halogen compounds often have a density greater than 1 g\/mL, which means that in the event of accidents or leakages they may sink and reach deeper groundwater zones. Many toxic and persistent substances with very different effects belong to the group of organic halogen compounds.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In many jurisdictions, environmental regulations and monitoring programs require AOX determination for wastewater streams and sewage sludge. Results are commonly reported as mg\/kg dry matter (for solids such as sludge) or mg\/L (for aqueous samples). Depending on the regulatory framework and application, limit values can be defined for sludge intended for land application as well as for industrial or municipal wastewater discharges. Typical domestic wastewater often shows AOX values in the range of approximately 0.05 to 0.1 mg\/L.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Determining_AOX_Values\"><\/span>Determining AOX Values<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">AOX measurement and sample preparation are specified in DIN EN ISO 9562. Samples can be prepared using either the shaking method or the column method. In both methods, the organic halogen compounds are adsorbed onto <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/filtration\/granulars-and-sorbent-material\">activated carbon granules<\/a>. With the shaking method, the sample and activated carbon are shaken for a defined time and then <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/filtration\">filtered<\/a>. With the column method, the aqueous sample is forced through a column filled with activated carbon.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_9233\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9233\" style=\"width: 450px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-9233 size-full\" title=\"SEM Image of Activated Carbon: A Porous Carbon Material Used as an Adsorbent Due to Its Very Large Internal Surface Area\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/rme-aufnahme-aktivkohle.jpg\" alt=\"SEM Image of Activated Carbon: A Porous Carbon Material Used as an Adsorbent Due to Its Very Large Internal Surface Area\" width=\"450\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/rme-aufnahme-aktivkohle.jpg 450w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/rme-aufnahme-aktivkohle-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/rme-aufnahme-aktivkohle-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-9233\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><center>SEM image of activated carbon: a porous carbon material used as an adsorbent due to its very large internal surface area<\/center><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">During sample preparation, the following parameters must also be considered: pH value, inorganic chloride content, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and the presence of oxidizing agents. For adsorption onto activated carbon to occur, the pH value should be 2 or lower. The inorganic chloride content should be less than 1 g\/L, because higher chloride concentrations can lead to falsely elevated results. A DOC content higher than 10 mg\/L interferes with adsorption and results in falsely low values. Oxidizing agents must be reduced beforehand using sodium sulfite.<\/p>\n<div class=\"box note  \"><div class=\"box-inner-block\"><i class=\"fa tie-shortcode-boxicon\"><\/i>\n\t\t\tAfter sample preparation, the loaded activated carbon is combusted in an oxygen atmosphere at a minimum of +950 \u00b0C. Halogen hydrides are formed from the adsorbed organo-halogen compounds, alongside other combustion products such as water, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur oxides.\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The water formed is removed from the gas stream using concentrated sulfuric acid, and the remaining gases are passed through an acetic acid solution. The halogen content is determined by microcoulometric <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/laboratory-equipment\/metering-facilities-and-metering-devices\/titration-apparatus-and-burette\">titration<\/a> with silver ions.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/filtration\/granulars-and-sorbent-material\/31201\/activated-carbon-granular-sorbent-material-based-on-cocnut\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-9234\" title=\"Activated Carbon Granular Sorbent Material based on cocnut\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/aktivkohle-granulat-sorbens-auf-kokosnuss-basis.jpg\" alt=\"Activated Carbon Granular Sorbent Material based on cocnut\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/aktivkohle-granulat-sorbens-auf-kokosnuss-basis.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/aktivkohle-granulat-sorbens-auf-kokosnuss-basis-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/aktivkohle-granulat-sorbens-auf-kokosnuss-basis-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/filtration\/filter-housings-filterelements-and-filtermodules\/30829\/filter-element-with-activated-carbon-purification-of-water\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-9235\" title=\"Filter Element with Activated Carbon - purification of water\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/filterelement-mit-aktivkohle-wasseraufbereitung.jpg\" alt=\"Filter Element with Activated Carbon - purification of water\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/filterelement-mit-aktivkohle-wasseraufbereitung.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/filterelement-mit-aktivkohle-wasseraufbereitung-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/filterelement-mit-aktivkohle-wasseraufbereitung-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Are_AOX_Compounds\"><\/span>What Are AOX Compounds?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Organic halogen compounds also occur in nature. To date, 2,320 naturally occurring organic chlorine compounds, 2,050 bromine compounds, 115 iodine compounds, and 34 fluorine compounds have been identified. They are produced by bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. Synthetic AOX substances are primarily known as pollutants, for example DDT, dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), or chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). They can enter surface waters, wastewater, or air directly\u2014for example as plant protection products from agriculture, as cleaning agents from industry and households, or when scrapping old refrigeration equipment.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Which_Compounds_Count_as_AOX\"><\/span>Which Compounds Count as AOX?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chlorine-Containing_Organic_Compounds\"><\/span>Chlorine-Containing Organic Compounds<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Most AOX compounds contain chlorine, such as dichloromethane (CH<sub>2<\/sub>Cl<sub>2<\/sub>), chloroform (CHCl<sub>3<\/sub>), carbon tetrachloride (CCl<sub>4<\/sub>), tetrachloroethylene (C<sub>2<\/sub>H<sub>2<\/sub>Cl<sub>4<\/sub>), chlorophenols, and chlorobenzene. They are used as solvents, extraction agents, and textile cleaning agents, and as starting materials for polymers from which, for example, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/tubes-hoses\/tubings-and-pipes-made-of-rigid-plastics\">plastic hoses<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/tubes-hoses\/tubing-made-of-elastomers-soft-rubber\">rubber hoses<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/semi-finished-products\">semi-finished products<\/a> are manufactured.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/tubes-hoses\/tubing-made-of-elastomers-soft-rubber\/silicone-tubing\/28684\/silicone-chemical-tubing-standard\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-9237\" title=\"Silicone Chemical Tubing - Standard\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/silikon-chemieschlauch-standard-1.jpg\" alt=\"Silicone Chemical Tubing - Standard\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/silikon-chemieschlauch-standard-1.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/silikon-chemieschlauch-standard-1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/silikon-chemieschlauch-standard-1-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/tubes-hoses\/tubing-made-of-elastomers-soft-rubber\/pvc-tubing-tygon-tubing\/28644\/pvc-chemical-tubing-metric\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-9238\" title=\"PVC Chemical Tubing - metric\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/pvc-chemieschlauch-metrisch.jpg\" alt=\"PVC Chemical Tubing - metric\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/pvc-chemieschlauch-metrisch.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/pvc-chemieschlauch-metrisch-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/pvc-chemieschlauch-metrisch-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dry-cleaning operations use tetrachloroethylene as a cleaning agent. Discharge requirements for such wastewater are typically regulated and may include specific limit values depending on the receiving system and local permits. To reduce AOX values, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/filtration\/filter-housings-filterelements-and-filtermodules\/30828\/adsorption-filter-with-granular-activated-carbon\">activated carbon filters<\/a> are used in combination with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/filtration\/filter-housings-filterelements-and-filtermodules\">filter housings<\/a> or safety separators. Tetrachloroethylene has a higher density than water and settles at the bottom.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In the past, elemental chlorine was used to bleach paper, heavily burdening wastewater with organic chlorine compounds. The higher the AOX values in wastewater, the more oxygen is required to break down the chlorine compounds. To reduce AOX values, other chlorine compounds such as chlorine dioxide or hypochlorite are used for paper bleaching today, as well as oxygen-based compounds like ozone and hydrogen peroxide. For pulp, the AOX value is used in some contexts to classify bleaching processes (e.g., ECF and TCF). Depending on the process and reporting basis, AOX loads can range from higher values in chlorine-based bleaching to markedly lower values in totally chlorine-free processes.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In addition, international agreements have targeted certain persistent organic pollutants. These include substances such as DDT, specific chlorinated pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), as well as dioxins and furans, which are widely recognized for their persistence and environmental impact.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bromine-Containing_Organic_Compounds\"><\/span>Bromine-Containing Organic Compounds<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Until a few years ago, organic bromine compounds were important as flame retardants. They were used in electrical and electronic devices, printed circuit boards, plastics, textiles, household appliances, and insulation materials. Over time, the use of several brominated flame retardants has been increasingly restricted in many markets because these substances are highly persistent and tend to accumulate.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Historically, methyl bromide was used as a fumigant in agriculture and horticulture, which resulted in residues in plants, accumulation in soil, and transfer into groundwater. Due to environmental and health concerns, its use has been restricted or phased out in many regions.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/filtration\/filter-housings-filterelements-and-filtermodules\/30828\/adsorption-filter-with-granular-activated-carbon\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-9239\" title=\"Adsorption Filter with Granular Activated Carbon\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/adsorptionsfilter-mit-aktivkohlegranulat.jpg\" alt=\"Adsorption Filter with Granular Activated Carbon\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/adsorptionsfilter-mit-aktivkohlegranulat.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/adsorptionsfilter-mit-aktivkohlegranulat-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/adsorptionsfilter-mit-aktivkohlegranulat-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/filtration\/filter-housings-filterelements-and-filtermodules\/30820\/filter-housing-made-of-san\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-9240\" title=\"Filter Housing made of SAN\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/filtergehaeuse-aus-san.jpg\" alt=\"Filter Housing made of SAN\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/filtergehaeuse-aus-san.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/filtergehaeuse-aus-san-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/filtergehaeuse-aus-san-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In medicine, the brominated compounds bromhexine and ambroxol are used as expectorant cough medicines. The anesthetic halothane contains bromine as well as fluorine and chlorine. Eosin, which has bactericidal and fungicidal effects, is used as a substitute for mercurochrome for wound disinfection and wound healing.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Iodine-Containing_Organic_Compounds\"><\/span>Iodine-Containing Organic Compounds<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Organic iodine compounds are used primarily in medicine. In dentistry, iodoform (CHI<sub>3<\/sub>) is used as a disinfectant for wound packing with a gauze strip. The thyroid gland produces the hormone thyroxine, which contains two iodine atoms. In cases of hypothyroidism, iodine-containing thyroxine is administered. Aromatic iodine compounds are used in diagnostics as X-ray contrast agents. Wastewater from hospitals with diagnostic departments can show elevated AOX values, reflecting the presence of iodine-containing contrast media and other substances.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Criticism_of_the_Significance_of_AOX_Values\"><\/span>Criticism of the Significance of AOX Values<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">However, AOX values are controversial because they do not differentiate between individual halogen compounds and do not provide any statement about ecotoxicity. For this reason, further research is needed to determine which AOX compounds cause which types of damage. Nevertheless, AOX values make an important contribution to assessing surface waters, wastewater, and sewage sludge and to identifying AOX sources such as defective sewer lines or industrially stored waste. In this way, they help to prevent and avoid toxic AOX compounds.<\/p>\n<pre><strong>Image Sources:\r\n<\/strong>Featured image | \u00a9 iamtheking33 \u2013 stock.adobe.com\r\nSEM image of activated carbon | \u00a9 Mydriatic, CC BY-SA 3.0 &lt;https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0&gt;, via Wikimedia Commons\r\n<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sum parameters play an important role in the analysis of water samples from drinking water, surface water, groundwater, and wastewater, as well as sewage sludge. When determining sum parameters, a large number of individual substances are recorded together without listing them individually. Compared with single-substance analysis, the advantage lies in the lower analytical effort and &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":13246,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,3028,2744],"tags":[3831,3832,3833,3834,3836,3837,3835,3844,3841,3838,3839,3843,3840,3830,3842],"class_list":["post-15929","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-all-articles","category-alle-beitraege-en","category-chemical-technology-in-action","tag-aox-measurement","tag-aox-measurement-using-the-column-method","tag-aox-measurement-using-the-shaking-method","tag-aox-values","tag-bromine-containing-organic-compounds","tag-chlorine-containing-organic-compounds","tag-determining-aox-values","tag-din-en-iso-9562-en","tag-drinking-water-analysis","tag-groundwater-analysis","tag-iodine-containing-organic-compounds","tag-measuring-water-pollution","tag-organic-iodine-compounds","tag-water-sample-analysis","tag-what-are-aox-compounds"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Determining AOX Values \u2013 Measuring Water Pollution - Reichelt Chemietechnik Magazine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"What are AOX values, which compounds are included, and how are they determined? 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