{"id":15416,"date":"2022-11-25T08:18:52","date_gmt":"2022-11-25T07:18:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/?p=15416"},"modified":"2025-12-12T16:22:51","modified_gmt":"2025-12-12T15:22:51","slug":"natural-rubber","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/en\/natural-rubber\/","title":{"rendered":"Natural Rubber \u2013 What Is It?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 ez-toc-wrap-center counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/en\/natural-rubber\/#Rubber_%E2%80%93_A_Rubber-Elastic_Plastic\" title=\"Rubber \u2013 A Rubber-Elastic Plastic\">Rubber \u2013 A Rubber-Elastic Plastic<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/en\/natural-rubber\/#Rubber_Groups_Natural_Rubber_vs_Synthetic_Rubber\" title=\"Rubber Groups: Natural Rubber vs. Synthetic Rubber\">Rubber Groups: Natural Rubber vs. Synthetic Rubber<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/en\/natural-rubber\/#Rubbers_of_Group_R\" title=\"Rubbers of Group R\">Rubbers of Group R<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/en\/natural-rubber\/#Rubbers_of_Group_M\" title=\"Rubbers of Group M\">Rubbers of Group M<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/en\/natural-rubber\/#General-Purpose_Rubbers_and_Specialty_Rubbers\" title=\"General-Purpose Rubbers and Specialty Rubbers\">General-Purpose Rubbers and Specialty Rubbers<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/en\/natural-rubber\/#Properties_and_Applications_of_General-Purpose_Rubbers\" title=\"Properties and Applications of General-Purpose Rubbers\">Properties and Applications of General-Purpose Rubbers<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/en\/natural-rubber\/#Properties_and_Applications_of_Specialty_Rubbers\" title=\"Properties and Applications of Specialty Rubbers\">Properties and Applications of Specialty Rubbers<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/en\/natural-rubber\/#Properties_and_Applications_of_Rubber_Specialties\" title=\"Properties and Applications of Rubber Specialties\">Properties and Applications of Rubber Specialties<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Rubber was already known to the Maya, who used it to produce waterproof containers and elastic balls and to bond shoes. It is obtained by tapping the rubber tree, which releases a liquid known as latex or milky sap. This liquid is collected in containers and further processed. Latex contains 25 to 35% rubber. The English term rubber originates from its early use for rubbing out pencil marks. By contrast, in many languages, natural rubber is also known as caoutchouc, a term derived from the indigenous words \u201ccao\u201d for tree and \u201couche\u201d for tear, meaning \u201cthe weeping tree.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A rubber molecule consists of 3,000 to 10,000 isoprene units. The chemically correct name for isoprene is 2-methylbuta-1,3-diene; its structural formula is shown in the following figure.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8042 size-full\" title=\"Structural formula of isoprene\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Isoprene_Structural_Formulae_V.1.jpg\" alt=\"Structural formula of isoprene\" width=\"450\" height=\"229\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Isoprene_Structural_Formulae_V.1.jpg 450w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Isoprene_Structural_Formulae_V.1-300x153.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The material is soft and highly elastic; at 0 \u00b0C it becomes hard, and above +150 \u00b0C it becomes sticky and flows. It is soluble in gasoline, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and oils. Due to the double bonds contained in the isoprene units, it is reactive and is attacked by atmospheric oxygen and UV radiation.<\/p>\n<div class=\"box info  \"><div class=\"box-inner-block\"><i class=\"fa tie-shortcode-boxicon\"><\/i>\n\t\t\tThrough crosslinking of the polymer chains\u2014vulcanization\u2014it remains highly elastic even at low temperatures and becomes more resistant to weathering.\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Originally, rubber referred only to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/tubes-hoses\/tubing-made-of-elastomers-soft-rubber\/nr-tubing\">natural rubber<\/a>. Today, the term also includes synthetic polymers that can similarly be vulcanized from a plastic to a rubber-elastic state. In technical applications, the vulcanizates of natural and synthetic rubbers are referred to as rubber or elastomers.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_8044\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8044\" style=\"width: 450px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-8044 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/kautschukbaum.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/kautschukbaum.jpg 450w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/kautschukbaum-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8044\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><center>Latex, the milky sap of the rubber tree<\/center><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rubber_%E2%80%93_A_Rubber-Elastic_Plastic\"><\/span>Rubber \u2013 A Rubber-Elastic Plastic<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">According to German standard DIN 53 501, &#8220;rubber is an uncrosslinked but crosslinkable polymer with rubber-elastic properties&#8221;<sup>[1]<\/sup>. Rubber-elastic means that a piece of the material returns to its original shape after being deformed\u2014such as by twisting, pulling, or bending\u2014and then released.<\/p>\n<div class=\"box success  \"><div class=\"box-inner-block\"><i class=\"fa tie-shortcode-boxicon\"><\/i>\n\t\t\tThe cause of rubber&#8217;s elasticity lies in its molecular structure. It consists of long, tangled polymer chains that are loosely crosslinked.\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">These tangles allow a high degree of mobility of the loosely crosslinked polymer chains. Under mechanical stress, the polymer chains are stretched and the material as a whole elongates. When the load is removed, the polymer chains coil up again and the material contracts.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In the manufacture of elastomers, rubbers are mixed with various substances, shaped into the desired form, and then vulcanized. Such rubber compounds consist of several rubbers or blends of rubbers and other plastics, as well as additives such as plasticizers, fillers, processing aids, and anti-aging agents.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5616\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5616\" style=\"width: 270px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-5616 size-full\" title=\"Schematic representation of an elastomer in the unstressed state (A) and in the stretched state (B)\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Schematische-Darstellung-eines-Elastomers-im-unbelasteten-Zustand-A-sowie-im-gestreckten-Zustand-B.jpg\" alt=\"Schematic representation of an elastomer in the unstressed state (A) and in the stretched state (B)\" width=\"270\" height=\"495\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Schematische-Darstellung-eines-Elastomers-im-unbelasteten-Zustand-A-sowie-im-gestreckten-Zustand-B.jpg 270w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Schematische-Darstellung-eines-Elastomers-im-unbelasteten-Zustand-A-sowie-im-gestreckten-Zustand-B-164x300.jpg 164w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 270px) 100vw, 270px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5616\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><center>Schematic representation of an elastomer in the unstressed state (A) and in the stretched state (B)<\/center><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Vulcanization can be carried out with sulfur, peroxides, or infrared radiation. Materials with a low degree of crosslinking are referred to as soft rubber, while those with a high degree of crosslinking are called hard rubber. A very high degree of vulcanization leads to thermosets. Rubber-elastic elastomers are now used in the manufacture of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/tubes-hoses\/tubing-made-of-elastomers-soft-rubber\">rubber hoses<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/seals-and-gaskets\">seals<\/a>, and semi-finished products such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/semi-finished-products\/plates\/rubber-plates-rubber-mats-rubber-strips\">rubber sheets and rubber mats<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rubber_Groups_Natural_Rubber_vs_Synthetic_Rubber\"><\/span>Rubber Groups: Natural Rubber vs. Synthetic Rubber<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A distinction is made between natural rubber, abbreviated NR from the English &#8220;natural rubber,&#8221; and synthetic rubber, abbreviated SR from the English &#8220;synthetic rubber,&#8221; i.e. synthetically produced elastomers.<\/p>\n<div class=\"box note  \"><div class=\"box-inner-block\"><i class=\"fa tie-shortcode-boxicon\"><\/i>\n\t\t\tNatural rubber is inexpensive and has good mechanical and elastic properties but is only conditionally weather-resistant. Synthetic rubbers are superior in terms of wear resistance, vulcanization behavior, and aging resistance.\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Synthetic rubber is produced by polymerization of monomers. Polymerization of identical monomers yields a homopolymer. If two different monomers are polymerized, the product is referred to as a copolymer; polymerization of three different monomers results in a terpolymer.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The German standard DIN ISO 1629 regulates the international abbreviated designations of the various synthetic rubber types based on the chemical structure of the main chain. According to this system, each rubber is assigned a short designation consisting of two to five letters. The final letter characterizes the chemical composition of the polymer chain and serves as the group identifier. The preceding letters indicate the monomer or monomers from which it is composed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Rubbers are divided into eight different groups: those with a saturated polymer chain belong to group M, those with an unsaturated polymer chain to group R. If the main chain contains nitrogen atoms, the rubber is assigned to group N; if oxygen is present, to group O; if sulfur is present, to group T. If phosphorus and nitrogen are present in the main chain, it belongs to group Z; if carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen are present, to group U. Group Q stands for siloxane groups in the polymer chain.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In rubber abbreviations, the initial letters may indicate the presence of certain atoms or functional groups in the side chain, such as C for chlorinated, B for brominated, or X for carboxylated. Rubbers of groups R and M account for the largest share of processed elastomers.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rubbers_of_Group_R\"><\/span>Rubbers of Group R<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Group R rubbers with double bonds in the main chain are produced by polymerization of at least one diene. A diene is a hydrocarbon compound with two double bonds.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/tubes-hoses\/tubing-made-of-elastomers-soft-rubber\/cr-tubing\/28492\/cr-gas-tubing-for-gas-burner-with-end-sleeves\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-8046\" title=\"CR Gas Tubing for Gas Burner with End Sleeves\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/gasschlauch-fuer-gasbrenner-mit-endmuffen.jpg\" alt=\"CR Gas Tubing for Gas Burner with End Sleeves\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/gasschlauch-fuer-gasbrenner-mit-endmuffen.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/gasschlauch-fuer-gasbrenner-mit-endmuffen-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/gasschlauch-fuer-gasbrenner-mit-endmuffen-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/tubes-hoses\/tubing-made-of-elastomers-soft-rubber\/nbr-tubing\/28542\/nbr-chemical-tubing\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-8048\" title=\"NBR Chemical Tubing\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/nbr-chemieschlauch.jpg\" alt=\"NBR Chemical Tubing\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/nbr-chemieschlauch.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/nbr-chemieschlauch-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/nbr-chemieschlauch-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In the case of 1,3-butadiene, these are conjugated, meaning that the two double bonds are separated by a single bond. One double bond participates in the polymerization to extend the chain, while the other remains in the side chain. Crosslinking can occur via the main chain or the side chain. Important rubbers belonging to group R include natural rubber (NR), butadiene rubber (BR), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/tubes-hoses\/tubing-made-of-elastomers-soft-rubber\/cr-tubing\">chloroprene rubber (CR)<\/a>, isoprene rubber (IR), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/tubes-hoses\/tubing-made-of-elastomers-soft-rubber\/nbr-tubing\">acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR)<\/a>, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), and isobutylene-isoprene rubber (IIR, butyl rubber).<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rubbers_of_Group_M\"><\/span>Rubbers of Group M<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Rubbers of group M, derived from &#8220;methylene,&#8221; are also referred to as olefin rubbers. Since the main chain contains no double bonds, crosslinking cannot occur at the main chain but proceeds via the side chain. Of greatest economic importance is ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM), a terpolymer of ethylene, propylene, and a diene. Other representatives of group M include polychlorotrifluoroethylene\u2013vinylidene fluoride copolymer, abbreviated CFM and better known as fluoroelastomer, ethylene-propylene copolymer (EPM), chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVM), and rubbers with fluorine or fluoroalkoxy groups on the polymer chain (FPM).<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"General-Purpose_Rubbers_and_Specialty_Rubbers\"><\/span>General-Purpose Rubbers and Specialty Rubbers<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">According to W. Baumann<sup>[1]<\/sup>, rubbers are classified by market share into universally usable rubbers, known as general-purpose rubbers, specialty rubbers, and specialties. In 1998, general-purpose rubbers accounted for approximately 64% of the Western European market. These include NR, SBR, BR, and IR. Specialty rubbers, including EPDM, IIR, CR, and NBR, accounted for 33%, while specialties such as fluoro- and silicone rubbers, CSM, and EVM accounted for just under 3%.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Properties_and_Applications_of_General-Purpose_Rubbers\"><\/span>Properties and Applications of General-Purpose Rubbers<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">SBR, marketed under the trade name Buna S\u00ae, has the largest share among general-purpose rubbers. It is inexpensive and exhibits better aging and heat resistance than natural rubber, but poorer elastic properties. Approximately 50% of total production is processed in the tire industry. Other applications include conveyor belts, soles, rollers, drive belts, as well as pharmaceutical, surgical, and sanitary products and food-contact articles.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/tubes-hoses\/tubing-made-of-elastomers-soft-rubber\/epdm-tubing\/28496\/epdm-chemical-tubing\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-8053\" title=\"EPDM Chemical Tubing\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/epdm-chemieschlauch.jpg\" alt=\"EPDM Chemical Tubing\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/epdm-chemieschlauch.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/epdm-chemieschlauch-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/epdm-chemieschlauch-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/tubes-hoses\/tubing-made-of-elastomers-soft-rubber\/nbr-tubing\/28555\/nbr-double-wall-jacket-suction-and-pressure-tubing\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-8054\" title=\"NBR Double-Wall Jacket Suction and Pressure Tubing\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/nbr-doppelmantel-saug-und-druckschlauch.jpg\" alt=\"NBR Double-Wall Jacket Suction and Pressure Tubing\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/nbr-doppelmantel-saug-und-druckschlauch.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/nbr-doppelmantel-saug-und-druckschlauch-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/nbr-doppelmantel-saug-und-druckschlauch-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">BR, marketed under the trade name Buna N\u00ae, exhibits high elasticity, excellent abrasion resistance, and strength comparable to NR. Almost 90% of BR production is used in the tire sector. Due to its high abrasion resistance, it is also used in conveyor belts and shoe soles.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">IR, the synthetic variant of natural rubber, shows very low gas permeability and high resistance to oxygen, but only limited resistance to oils and fats.<\/p>\n<div class=\"box success  \"><div class=\"box-inner-block\"><i class=\"fa tie-shortcode-boxicon\"><\/i>\n\t\t\tIR and natural rubber are predominantly used in the manufacture of truck tires. Latex products such as mattresses and carpet backings, as well as gloves and condoms, are also made from IR or NR.\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Properties_and_Applications_of_Specialty_Rubbers\"><\/span>Properties and Applications of Specialty Rubbers<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">NBR, marketed under the trade name Perbunan\u00ae, is distinguished among all rubbers by the highest resistance to fuels, fats, and oils. It is used wherever this resistance is required in combination with good mechanical properties, good aging resistance at elevated temperatures, and good abrasion resistance. Main areas of application include oil- and fuel-resistant seals as well as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/tubes-hoses\/application-fields-for-tubings\/mineral-oil-tubing\">mineral oil hoses and fuel hoses<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">NBR also plays an important role in the manufacture of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/cocks-taps-valves\">valves and fittings<\/a>, diaphragms, clutch and brake linings, conveyor belts, safety footwear, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/semi-finished-products\/plates\/foam-rubber-sheets\">foam rubber and cellular rubber<\/a>, as well as in the food industry when processing fatty products.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hydrogenation yields hydrogenated NBR, abbreviated HNBR, which has higher wear resistance and better ozone resistance than NBR. However, HNBR is significantly more expensive.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">EPDM, available under the trade name Keltan\u00ae, is regarded as a sustainable material due to its durability. Owing to its saturated main chain, the polymer is resistant to temperature loads up to +120 \u00b0C and to oxidation. It also exhibits high resistance to weathering, aging, and ozone, as well as good chemical resistance. In the construction sector, it is used for sealing profiles for windows and fa\u00e7ades, sealing membranes and sheets for roofs, water basins, and pond liners. Other applications include seals for drinking water and wastewater, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/tubes-hoses\/tubing-made-of-elastomers-soft-rubber\/epdm-tubing\">EPDM hoses<\/a>, cellular rubber and foam rubber, and insulation for low-voltage cables.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/semi-finished-products\/plates\/foam-rubber-sheets\/30217\/cellular-rubber-plate-made-of-epdm-shore-400\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-8051\" title=\"Cellular Rubber Plate made of EPDM - Shore 40\u00b0\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/zellkautschuk-platte-aus-epdm-shore.jpg\" alt=\"Cellular Rubber Plate made of EPDM - Shore 40\u00b0\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/zellkautschuk-platte-aus-epdm-shore.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/zellkautschuk-platte-aus-epdm-shore-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/zellkautschuk-platte-aus-epdm-shore-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/seals-and-gaskets\/o-rings\/epdm-o-rings\/30627\/high-performance-epdm-o-rings-imperial\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-8052\" title=\"High-Performance EPDM O-Rings - imperial\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/epdm-o-ringe_epdm-o-ringe-zoellig.jpg\" alt=\"High-Performance EPDM O-Rings - imperial\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/epdm-o-ringe_epdm-o-ringe-zoellig.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/epdm-o-ringe_epdm-o-ringe-zoellig-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/epdm-o-ringe_epdm-o-ringe-zoellig-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">CR, better known as Neoprene\u00ae, exhibits better resistance to weathering, ozone, and heat than NR, NBR, and SBR, but lower resistance than HNBR or EPDM. Where good flame retardancy is required in addition to these properties, CR is used. This elastomer is employed for window and construction profiles, linings and cable sheathing, tires, drive belts, hoses and seals, as well as gloves for laboratory work. Neoprene suits for water sports are also well known.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">IIR, marketed under the trade name Polysar Butyl\u00ae, is characterized by very low gas permeability, good damping properties, high electrical insulation, elastic behavior at very low temperatures, and good resistance to acids and alkalis. Applications include tires, inner tubes, seals, diaphragms, cable insulation, chemical protective gloves, and as a base for chewing gum. Where rubber-elastic, gas-tight hoses are required, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/tubes-hoses\/tubing-made-of-elastomers-soft-rubber\/butyl-iir-tubing\">butyl rubber hoses<\/a> are the material of choice.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Properties_and_Applications_of_Rubber_Specialties\"><\/span>Properties and Applications of Rubber Specialties<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/tubes-hoses\/tubing-made-of-elastomers-soft-rubber\/fpm-tubing\">Fluoroelastomers (FPM)<\/a> are usually co- or terpolymers of vinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropene, and tetrafluoroethylene. Trade names include Viton\u00ae, Fluorel\u00ae, or Tecnoflon\u00ae. They exhibit high resistance to temperature, chemicals, ozone, and weathering, flame retardancy, high abrasion resistance, and low gas permeability. They are used in specialized applications in automotive engineering, the aerospace industry, and oil production as seals and hoses, as well as protective gloves.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/tubes-hoses\/tubing-made-of-elastomers-soft-rubber\/silicone-tubing\/28684\/silicone-chemical-tubing-standard\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-8056\" title=\"Silicone Chemical Tubing - Standard\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/silikon-chemieschlauch-standard.jpg\" alt=\"Silicone Chemical Tubing - Standard\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/silikon-chemieschlauch-standard.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/silikon-chemieschlauch-standard-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/silikon-chemieschlauch-standard-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/tubes-hoses\/tubing-made-of-elastomers-soft-rubber\/silicone-tubing\/28685\/silicone-high-temperature-chemical-tubing\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-13744 size-medium\" title=\"Silicone High-Temperature Chemical Tubing\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/silikon-hochtemperatur-chemieschlauch-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Silicone High-Temperature Chemical Tubing\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/silikon-hochtemperatur-chemieschlauch-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/silikon-hochtemperatur-chemieschlauch-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/magazin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/silikon-hochtemperatur-chemieschlauch.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In silicone rubbers, unlike other elastomers, the polymer chain consists of alternating silicon and oxygen atoms. These rubbers are classified according to the side chains bonded to the silicon atoms. MQ have methyl side chains, VMQ vinyl-methyl groups, and FMQ fluoroalkyl groups. They can be used over a wide temperature range from \u2212100 \u00b0C to +260 \u00b0C and exhibit almost temperature-independent flexibility and elasticity, outstanding resistance to weathering and UV radiation, long service life, and electrical insulation properties. In the construction sector, they are used as sealants for filling joints; in medical technology as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rct-online.de\/en\/tubes-hoses\/tubing-made-of-elastomers-soft-rubber\/silicone-tubing\">silicone hoses<\/a>, breathing bags, incubators, and for the production of molding and potting compounds.<\/p>\n<div class=\"box error  \"><div class=\"box-inner-block\"><i class=\"fa tie-shortcode-boxicon\"><\/i>\n\t\t\tAn ideal rubber that combines all positive technical properties\u2014weather-resistant, chemical-resistant, fuel-resistant, oil- and fat-resistant, flame-retardant, inexpensive, and with low gas permeability\u2014does not exist to this day.\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">However, from the wide variety of rubbers with different properties, a suitable material can likely be found for almost any application.<\/p>\n<pre><strong>Text sources:<\/strong>\r\n[1]: W. Baumann et al., Kautschuk und Gummi, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 1998<\/pre>\n<pre><strong>Image sources:<\/strong>\r\nFeatured image | \u00a9 wasdok101 \u2013 stock.adobe.com\r\nStructural formula of isoprene | \u00a9 J\u00fc, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\r\nMilky sap of the rubber tree | \u00a9 Paitoon \u2013 stock.adobe.com\r\nSchematic representation of an elastomer | Polymer_picture.PNG:Mdufalla at en.wikipediaLater versions were uploaded by Cb2292 at en.wikipedia.derivative work: CameronSS, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\r\n<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rubber was already known to the Maya, who used it to produce waterproof containers and elastic balls and to bond shoes. It is obtained by tapping the rubber tree, which releases a liquid known as latex or milky sap. This liquid is collected in containers and further processed. Latex contains 25 to 35% rubber. The &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":12842,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,3028,2748,3029],"tags":[3648,2930,3663,3450,2932,3650,3651,3647,3204,3664,3665,3656,3657,3658,3659,2766,3597,3654,3246,3655,3652,3653,3649,3213,3660,3661,3662],"class_list":["post-15416","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-all-articles","category-alle-beitraege-en","category-materials-in-chemistry","category-werkstoffe-in-der-chemie-en","tag-chlorosulfonated-polyethylene","tag-cr-en","tag-din-53-501-en","tag-elastomers","tag-epdm-en","tag-ethylene-propylene-copolymer","tag-ethylene-vinyl-acetate-copolymer","tag-general-purpose-rubbers","tag-halbzeuge-en","tag-iir-en","tag-latex-en","tag-natural-rubber","tag-olefin-rubbers","tag-polychlorotrifluoroethylenevinylidene-fluoride-copolymer","tag-polymerization","tag-polymers","tag-rubber","tag-rubber-hoses","tag-rubber-sheets","tag-rubber-tree","tag-rubbers-of-group-m","tag-rubbers-of-group-r","tag-seals","tag-semi-finished-products","tag-specialty-rubbers","tag-structural-formula-of-rubber-molecule","tag-synthetic-rubbers"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Natural Rubber \u2013 What Is It? 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